Effects of sex steroid treatment on seizure susceptibility in preclinical rodent models
| Estrogen | Progesterone | Testosterone | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Generalized (Motor) | |||
| Picrotoxin | ♀ = Anticonvulsant | ♂ = Increased sensitivity | ♀ = Proconvulsant |
| ♂ = Anticonvulsant | |||
| Pentlyenetetrazole | Rats, ♀ = proepileptogenic | Rat: anticonvulsant | Rat: anticonvulsant |
| NMDA | Sensitivity: OVX > control | Mice, ♂ = anticonvulsant | |
| ♀ = Anticonvulsant | |||
| Electroshock | Proconvulsant | Anticonvulsant | Both pro- and anticonvulsant effects |
| Generalized (Absence) | |||
| WAG/Rij | More seizures during proestrus | ||
| Focal | |||
| Kainic acid | Rat: proconvulsant | Rat: castration is anticonvulsant | |
| Pilocarpine | Rats, ♀: agonists increase seizure frequency | ||
| Kindling | Rats: proepileptogenic | Rats, ♀ = proepileptogenic | Proepileptogenic |