NOX isoforms: function and potential pathologic role
Functional NOX | Loss of Function | Potential Role of Excessive Activity in Disease |
---|---|---|
NOX1 | Increased susceptibility for inflammatory bowel disease (NOX1) | Ischemic retinal diseases; atherosclerosis |
NOX2 | Chronic granulomatous disease (NOX2, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4), increased incidence of lupus (NOX2, NCF1) | Metastasis, acute lung inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer and Parkinson disease); pancreatitis |
NOX3 | Not described in humans., balance defects due to lack of otoconia in rodents (CYBA, NOXO1, and NOX3) | Hearing loss |
NOX4 | Not described in humans, no phenotype in mouse knockouts | Stroke, diabetic nephropathy |
NOX5 | Not described in humans, no animal knockouts, not expressed in rodents | Cardiovascular disease |
DUOX1 | Not described in humans, no phenotype in mouse knockouts | Thyroid cancer |
DUOX2, DUOXA2 | Hypothyroidism (DUOX2, DUOXA2), increased susceptibility for inflammatory bowel disease (DUOX2). | Cancer |
CYBA, cytochrome b-245 light chain; NCF, neutrophil cytosol factor.