Antibiotics and cocaine reward and relapse
| Reference | Drug of Abuse | Addiction Model | Antibiotic and Dose | Ab Treatment Duration | Outcome | GLT1/Glia Measured | Gut Microbiome Mentioned or Assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sari et al. (2009) | Cocaine | S/A | CTX (100, 200 mg/kg) CTX (50 mg/kg) | Given after each session of S/A for 5 days | ↓ cue-induced REL at 100, 200; no effect of 50 | Yes | No |
| Knackstedt et al. (2010) | Cocaine | S/A, EXT, REL | CTX 200 mg/kg | Last 7 days of 3 wk EXT | ↓ cue- and drug-induced REL | Yes | No |
| Sondheimer and Knackstedt (2011) | Cocaine | S/A, ACQ, REL | CTX 200 mg/kg | 5 Days before S/A (10 days) until EXT | No effect on ACQ of S/A; ↓ REL; ↓ LS | Yes | No |
| Ward et al. (2011) | Cocaine | S/A ACQ, CPP | CTX 100 or 200 mg/kg | 3 Days before S/A and continue 10 days of S/A | 200 ↓ S/A; 100 did not; no effect on development of CPP | No | No |
| Trantham-Davidson et al. (2012) | Cocaine | S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 12 Days during S/A and for last 5 days of EXT 2 to 3 wk | No effect on ACQ or EXT | No | No |
| Fischer et al. (2013) | Cocaine | S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | Last 5 days of EXT for 5 or 45 days | ↓ REL only in long EXT group | Yes | No |
| Tallarida et al. (2013) | Cocaine | LS; LA | CTX 200 mg/kg | 30 Days of abstinence; 14 days with COC; 10 days prior to 1X COC | ↓ LS both durations; ↓ acute COC at high dose COC (30), not low (15) | No | No |
| Barr et al. (2015) | Cocaine | LA | CTX 200 mg/kg | 10 Days | ↓ COC increase in LA | No | No |
| Freet and Lawrence (2015) | Cocaine | ↓ saccharin intake | CTX 200 mg/kg | 8 Days | ↓ ACQ and ↑ EXT of suppression of saccharin intake | No | No |
| Weiland et al. (2015) | Cocaine | REL | CTX 200 mg/kg, CEF 100 ng/kg | 8 Days | ↓ REL CEF did not ↓ REL | No | No |
| Kim et al. (2016) | Cocaine | S/A | CLV 1, 10 mg/kg, CTX 200 mg/kg | 7–10 Days 7–10 days | No ↓ of ACQ of S/A; ↓ breakpoint | Yes | No |
| Garcia-Keller et al. (2016) | Cocaine | Stress ↑ S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 10 Days (3 before S/A then 7 more during) | ↓ stress-induced ↑ in LA and stress-induced ↑ ACQ of S/A | No | No |
| LaCrosse et al. (2016) | Cocaine | REL S/A | CTX 100 mg/kg, CTX 200 mg/kg | 21 Days Ab and CTX during last 6 days | No effect on ACQ of S/A; both CTX doses ↓ REL | Yes | No |
| Hammad et al. (2017) | Cocaine | REL of CPP | AMP/SUB 200 mg/kg together | 200 mg/kg 4 days | AMP/SUB ↓ REL of CPP | Yes | |
| LaCrosse et al. (2017) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 6 Days | ↓ REL with GLT1 antisense knockdown, CTX did not block as much but still has an effect | Yes | No |
| Bechard et al. (2018) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | Min of 6 days in EXT just before REL | ↓ REL in ♂ and ♀; small ↓ REL | Yes | No |
| Logan et al. (2018) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | Ab not used; viral vector used to ↑ GLT1 levels | – | Vector ↑ GLT1 expression but did not ↓ REL of COC seeking | Yes after viral vector | No |
| Schwendt et al. (2018) | Cocaine | PTSD + S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 9 Days during EXT | Rats susceptible to stress show ↓ EXT and ↑ cue-primed REL that is not prevented by CTX. In Con and stress-resistant rats, CTX blocked cue-primed REL | No | No |
| Bechard et al. (2019) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | AMX 100 mg/kg, CLV 5 mg/kg, AMX (20) + CLV (80) | 5 Days in EXT prior to REL test | AMX only ↓ REL; CLV and AUG did not | Yes | No |
| Bechard and Knackstedt (2019) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 6 Days during EXT outside of S/A context | ↓ cue REL and no additive effect of CTX with cue EXT; cue EXT alone did not without CTX also did not ↓ REL as in humans | No | No |
| Niedzielska-Andres et al. (2019) | Cocaine | CPP | CTX 200 mg/kg | 7 Days during drug-free period in home cage | ↓ CPP | Yes | No |
| Stennet et al. (2020) | Cocaine + alcohol | REL of S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 5–7 Days in EXT prior to REL | ↓ REL in COC-only group; CTX does not ↓ COC REL in COC + ALC group | Yes | No |
| Logan et al. (2020) | Cocaine | REL of S/A | CTX 200 mg/kg | 6–10 Days in EXT prior to REL | ↓ REL; mGluR2 antagonists in NAc prevented CTX effect | No | No |
| Chen et al. (2009) | Cocaine | LS | MINO 40 mg/kg | 3 h before cocaine on 4 days of LS training | ↓ LS | No/No | No |
↓, decreases; ↑, increases; ♂, male; ♀, female; Ab, antibiotic; ACQ, acquisition; ALC, alcohol; AMX, amoxicillin; AMP, ampicillin; AUG, Augmentin; CEF, cefazolin; COC, cocaine; Con, control; EXT, extinction; LA, locomotor activity; LS, locomotor sensitization; Min, minimum; PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder; REL, relapse/reinstatement; S/A, self-administration; SUB, suboximine.