TABLE 16

Ontogeny profile of hepatic phase II enzymes in mice based on metabolic activity, protein expression, and mRNA expression levels

Percentages represent expression/activity relative to adult levels.

	Onset of Activity and/or Expression	Adult Levels Reached	Age-Related Changes in Activity/Expression	Comments	References
mCES1
Protein activity	Before or at 1 day (30%)	14 days	Increased rapidly	Substrate: MPH. Adult age: 9 wk. Methods: hydrolysis reaction study. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Zhu et al. (2009)
mRNA expression	Before or at 1 day (30%)	28 days	Increased progressively	Adult age: 67 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
mCES2
Protein activity	During or before 1 day (20%)	14 days	Increased rapidly	Substrate: irinotecan. Adult age: 9 wk. Methods: hydrolysis reaction study. Strain: FVB mice (M).	Zhu et al. (2009)
mRNA expression	Before or at 1 day (20%)	14 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 67 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
CES1A
mRNA expression	3 days (14%)	60 days	Increased slowly	The amount detected was very low throughout the entire age range. Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1B
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.036%)	20 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1C
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.19%)	15 days	Increased rapidly	Most abundant of the Ces1 family. Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1D
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	30 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1E
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	60 days	Increased slowly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1F
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.146%)	60 days	Increased slowly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES1G
mRNA expression	Fetal development (3%)	20 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2A
mRNA expression	Fetal development (1%)	45 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2B
mRNA expression	Fetal development (20%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013))
CES2C
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.86%)	45 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2D-PS
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.80%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2E
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.67%)	25 days	Increased progressively	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2F
mRNA expression	Fetal development (4%)	45 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES2G
mRNA expression	Fetal development (76%)	0 days	Hovering around adult value	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES3
mRNA expression	Fetal development (14%)	7 days	Increased progressively	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
CES3A
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.04%)	30 days	Increased moderately	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES3B
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.01%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
CES4A
mRNA expression	0 days (3%)	25 days	Increased rapidly	The amount detected was very low throughout the entire age range. Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
GSTA1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	60 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
GSTA1/2
mRNA expression	M: fetal development (12%); F: fetal development (6%); M: 7 days (0.04%)	30 days	M: increased rapidly; F: inconsistent pattern; M: increased progressively	Differentiation of sexes at the prenatal stage is difficult, so pooling of sexes might have occurred at these timepoints. Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010), FVB Mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011))
GSTA2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.15%) (Lu et al., 2013) 7 days (0.02%) (Lee et al., 2011)	30 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTA3
mRNA expression	Fetal development (16%)	30 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTA4
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%–50%)	10 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTCD
mRNA expression	Fetal development (560%)	7 days	Decreased rapidly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR, Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
GSTK1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (5%)	15 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (10%) (M & F)	22 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (6%)	10 days (Lu et al., 2013) (Cui et al., 2010); 32 days (Lee et al., 2011)	Inconsistent pattern (Lu et al., 2013) (Cui et al., 2010); increased progressively (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM3
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.02%–11%)	15 days (Lu et al., 2013; Cui et al., 2010); 32 days (Lee et al., 2011)	Increased moderately (Lu et al., 2013) (Cui et al., 2010); increased progressively (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM4
mRNA expression	Fetal development (10%)	22 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM5
mRNA expression	Fetal development (3922%) (M & F)	15 days	Decreased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM6
mRNA expression	Fetal development (20%) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013) 7 days (1%) (Lee et al., 2011)	22 days (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013); 32 days (Lee et al., 2011)	Increased moderately (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013); increased progressively (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTM7
mRNA expression	Fetal development (100%) (Lu et al., 2013); fetal development (100%) (12%) (Lee et al., 2011)	No change (Lu et al., 2013); 32 days (Lee et al., 2011)	No change (Lu et al., 2013); increased moderately (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTO1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (64%) (M); fetal development (31% or 235%)	M: 0 day (22 days); F: NR	Inconsistent pattern (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013); decreased or increased slowly (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013))
GSTP1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (13%)	30 days	Nonlinear pattern	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTP1/2
mRNA expression	M: fetal development (16%); F: no change	M: 45 days; F: No change	M: increased rapidly (Cui et al., 2010; Peng et al., 2013); F: no change (Cui et al., 2010)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 60 days (Peng et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq (Cui et al., 2010), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010), C57BL/6 (M) (Peng et al., 2013)	Cui et al. (2010); Peng et al. (2013)
GSTP2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (11%) (M)	25 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-Seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
GSTT1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (15%–81%)	M: 10 days; F: 30 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTT2
mRNA expression	No changes	No changes	No changes	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTT3
mRNA expression	Fetal development (7%–55%)	Between 0 and 32 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
GSTZ1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (29%)	3 days	Increased progressively	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq analysis (Cui et al., 2010), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Cui et al. (2010); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
MGST1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (7%)	30 days	Increased rapidly	Female expression was generally lower. Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq (Cui et al., 2010), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010), C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013)	Cui et al. (2010); Lu et al. (2013)
MGST2
mRNA expression	NR	15 days	Decreased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days. Methods: ChIP-Seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F)	Cui et al. (2010)
MGST3
mRNA expression	Fetal development (50%); fetal development (2309%)	0 days (Cui et al., 2010); 5 days (Lu et al., 2013)	Increased progressively (Cui et al., 2010); decreased progressively (Lu et al., 2013)	Adult age: 45 days (Cui et al., 2010), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: ChIP-Seq (Cui et al., 2010), RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Cui et al., 2010), C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013)	Cui et al. (2010); Lu et al. (2013)
NAT1
Protein activity	Before or at 4 days (1%)	NR	Increased rapidly	Substrates were isoniazid (INH), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 4ABP, and 2AF. Adult age: not defined. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F)	McQueen and Chau (2003)
mRNA expression	Before or at 4 days (7%)	25 days	Increased progressively	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
NAT2
Protein activity	Before or at 4 days (3%)	NR	Increased rapidly	Substrates were isoniazid (INH), p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), 4ABP, and 2AF. Adult age: not defined. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F)	McQueen and Chau (2003)
mRNA expression	Hovering around adult value	–	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
NAT5
mRNA expression	Fetal development (147%)	32 days	Decreased rapidly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
NAT6
mRNA expression	Fetal development (37%)	32 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
NAT8
mRNA expression	0 days (1%)	0 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
NAT10
mRNA expression	Fetal development (34%–1425%)	32 days	Inconsistent pattern	The article reported both an increasing and decreasing pattern. Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
NAT11
mRNA expression	Fetal development (643%)	32 days	Decreased rapidly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
NAT12
mRNA expression	Fetal development (43%)	7 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
NAT13
mRNA expression	Fetal development (200%)	32 days	Decreased slowly	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
SULT1A1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (20%–100%)	1 days	Increased progressively	Adult age:45 days (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: bDNA signal amplification assay (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), C57BL/6 (M & F) (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT1B1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (10%)	5 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT1C1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (29%) (Lu et al., 2013); fetal development (22220%) (mixed) (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006)	5 days (Lu et al., 2013); 22 days (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006)	Increased progressively (Lu et al., 2013); decreased rapidly	Adult age: 45 days (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013). Methods: bDNA amplification assay (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F) (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006); Lu et al. (2013)
SULT1C2
mRNA expression	0 days (6%)	1 day	Increased progressively	Adult age:45 days (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: bDNA signal amplification assay (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), C57BL/6 (M & F) (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT1D1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (13%)	1 day	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age:45 days (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: bDNA signal amplification assay (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), C57BL/6 (M & F) (Alnouti and Klaassen, 2006), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006); Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT1E1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (207%)	10 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (900%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013). Methods: RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013)	Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A12
mRNA expression	0 days (10%)	10 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 45 days. Methods: bDNA signal amplification assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (F)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006)
SULT2A2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (600%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013). Methods: RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013)	Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A3
mRNA expression	Before or at 5 days (248%)	60 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A4
mRNA expression	Before or at 5 days (248%)	60 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A5
mRNA expression	Before or at 5 days (248%)	60 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A6
mRNA expression	Before or at 1 day (447%)	60 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA-seq. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Peng et al. (2013)
SULT2A7
mRNA expression	15 days (200%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
SULT2B1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (300%)	15 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
SULT3A1
mRNA expression	M: fetal development (200%); F: fetal development (6%)	M: 15 days; F: 45 days	M: inconsistent pattern; F: increased slowly	Adult age: 45 days. Methods: bDNA signal amplification assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F)	Alnouti and Klaassen (2006)
SULT3A1
mRNA expression	No data	7 days	Decreased progressively	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
SULT5A1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	15 days	Increases rapidly (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013); inconsistent pattern (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RNA-seq (Peng et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013; Peng et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013); Peng et al. (2013)
UGT1A1
mRNA expression	M: fetal development (11%); F: fetal development (3%)	M: 5 days; F: 45 days	M: increased progressively; F: increases progressively until 5 days then rapidly	Primer: Mm02603337_m1 (Nakajima et al., 2012). Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), >9 wk (Nakajima et al., 2012). Methods: real-time PCR (Nakajima et al., 2012), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013). Strain: BALB/c (M & F) (Nakajima et al., 2012), C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013)	Nakajima et al. (2012); Lu et al. (2013))
UGT1A2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (8%)	1 day	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A5
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	3 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A6
mRNA expression	Fetal development (30%) (mixed)	3 days	Increased rapidly	Data are not normalized as the highest reported age is too low. Adult age: 21 days. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: C57BL/6 (M & F)	Yabusaki et al. (2015)
UGT1A6A
mRNA expression	Fetal development (10%)	60 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A6B
mRNA expression	Fetal development (9%)	10 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A7C
mRNA expression	Fetal development (380%)	5 days	Decreased progressively	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A9
mRNA expression	1 day (1%)	60 days	Increased progressively until 5 days then rapidly until 30 days	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT1A10
mRNA expression	Fetal development (133%)	1 day	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 60 days. Methods: RNA assay. Strain: C57BL/6 (M)	Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2A3
mRNA expression	1 day (1%)	60 days	Increased progressively until 5 days then rapidly until 30 days	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.5%)	25 days	Increased progressively until 5 days then rapidly until 30 days	Primer: Mm02603337_m1 (Nakajima et al., 2012). Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), >9 wk (Nakajima et al., 2012), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: real-time PCR (Nakajima et al., 2012), RNA assay (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: BALB/c (M & F) (Nakajima et al., 2012), C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	(Lee et al. (2011); Nakajima et al. (2012); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B34
mRNA expression	Fetal development (23%)	60 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B35
mRNA expression	Fetal development (13%)	60 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B36
mRNA expression	Fetal development (5%)	25 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B37
mRNA expression	Fetal development (3%)	25 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B38
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	60 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT2B38
mRNA expression	No data	32 days	Inconsistent pattern	Adult age: 12 mo. Methods: RT-PCR. Strain: FVB mice (M)	Lee et al. (2011)
UGT2B5
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%–18%)	32 days	Increased rapidly	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT3A1
mRNA expression	Fetal development (2%)	30 days	Inconsistent pattern (Lu et al., 2013); increases progressively (Lee et al., 2011)	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)
UGT3A2
mRNA expression	Fetal development (0.5%)	30 days	Increased progressively until 5 days then rapidly until 30 days	Adult age: 60 days (Lu et al., 2013), 12 mo (Lee et al., 2011). Methods: RNA-seq (Lu et al., 2013), RT-PCR (Lee et al., 2011). Strain: C57BL/6 (M) (Lu et al., 2013), FVB mice (M) (Lee et al., 2011)	Lee et al. (2011); Lu et al. (2013)

4ABP, 4-aminobiphenil; 2AF, 2-aminofluorene; bDNA, branched DNA signal amplification assay; ChiP-Seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing; F, female; M, male; mCES, mouse CES; NR, not reported; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RNA-seq, RNA-sequencing; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase PCR.