TABLE 1

Immunization

AgentSponsorType of TherapyPhase of DevelopmentClinical Trial IdentifierStatus/Findings
Active immunization
AFFITOPE PD01A,
(AFF008 Series of studies)		AffirisSpecific active immunotherapy (a synthetic peptide)Phase 12011–002650–31, 2013–001774–20, 2014–002489–54, and 2015–004854–16 (EuraCT numbers)Measurable humoral antibody response
Reduced CSF oligomeric α-Syn; adequate safety and tolerability (Volc et al., 2020)
NCT02270489 for patients with MSAMeasurable immune response; adequate safety and tolerability (Meissner et al., 2020)
NCT02618941; NCT01885494; NCT02216188; NCT01568099Completed, results pending
NCT02758730Withdrawn
PD03A (AFF011)AffirisSpecific active immunotherapy (a synthetic peptide)Phase 1NCT02270489 for patients with MSAMeasurable immune response; adequate safety and tolerability (Meissner et al., 2020)
NCT02267434Completed, results pending
UB-312United Neuroscience Ltd.Synthetic peptide vaccinePhase 1NCT04075318Active, not recruiting
Passive immunization
Prasinezumab (RO7046015/PRX002)Hoffmann-La Roche-ProthenaHumanized IgG1 monoclonal antibodyPhase 1bNCT02095171Adequate safety and tolerability; lowering of free α-Syn in the serum (Schenk et al., 2017)
NCT02157714CSF-serum ratio 0.3% (Jankovic et al., 2018)
Phase 2NCT03100149Active not recruiting
NCT04777331Recruiting
BIIB054
(Cinpanemab)		BiogenHuman IgG1 monoclonal antibodyPhase 1NCT03716570CSF-serum ratio ranged from 0.13% to 0.56% (Brys et al., 2019)
Phase 2NCT03318523Missed primary and secondary endpoints
MEDI1341Takeda/AstraZenecaMonoclonal antibodyPhase 1NCT03272165
NCT04449484		Recruiting
Lu AF82422H. Lundbeck A/SMonoclonal antibodyPhase 1NCT03611569Recruiting
ABBV-0805AbbVieMonoclonal antibodyPhase 1NCT04127695Withdrawn
ATV: α-SynDenaliAntibodyPreclinical
AC ImmuneAntibodyPreclinical