Very long-chain acylcarnitines and diseases with altered very long-chain acylcarnitine levels in blood (serum, plasma, dried blood spots) or urine
| Acylcarnitine (Fatty Acid Moiety) | Sample | Increased/ decreased | Disease with Altered Acylcarnitine Concentration (Reference) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Behenoylcarnitine (C22:0) | Blood | Decreased | Acute cerebral infarction (Zhang et al., 2017b) |
| Urine | Increased | Zellweger syndrome (Duranti et al., 2008); infantile Refsum disease (Duranti et al., 2008); D-bifunctional protein deficiency (Duranti et al., 2008) | |
| Lignoceroylcarnitine (C24:0) | Blood | Increased | Type 2 diabetes (Zhang et al., 2014) |
| Decreased | Cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes (Zhao et al., 2020) | ||
| Urine | Increased | Zellweger syndrome (Duranti et al., 2008); infantile Refsum disease (Duranti et al., 2008); type 2 diabetes (Zhang et al., 2014) | |
| Cerotoylcarnitine (C26:0) | Blood | Increased | Zellweger syndrome (Klouwer et al., 2017), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (van de Beek et al., 2016), cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease (Kalim et al., 2013) |
| Urine | Increased | Zellweger syndrome (Duranti et al., 2008); infantile Refsum disease (Duranti et al., 2008) |