Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Regular ArticleFunctional Coupling of Cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 to Discrete Prostanoid Synthases in Liver Macrophages☆
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2020, Journal of Molecular BiologyFever and hypothermia in systemic inflammation
2018, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Fever responses are absent in mice with deletion of the Ptges gene, encoding mPGES-1 (Engblom et al., 2003), indicating that these responses are mediated by PGE2 produced by mPGES-1. It has been shown that mPGES-1 is functionally coupled with COX-2; the COX-2-mPGES-1 couple is crucial for the synthesis of PGE2 during the febrile response (Dieter et al., 2000; Murakami et al., 2000). In LPS-processing organs (e.g., the liver and lungs), robust upregulation of mRNA and protein for COX-2 and mPGES-1 occurs, thus leading to an increase in PGE2 in both venous and arterial blood following LPS administration already at the onset of the first phase of fever (Ivanov et al., 2002; Steiner et al., 2006b).
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2012, Research in Veterinary ScienceTetranor PGDM, an abundant urinary metabolite reflects biosynthesis of prostaglandin D<inf>2</inf> in mice and humans
2008, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :Experiments in vitro indicate that both COX enzymes have the capacity to contribute to PGD2 production. For example, PGD2 appears to derive in roughly equal amounts from COX-1 and COX-2 in liver macrophages under basal and LPS-stimulated conditions (44), whereas in mast cells, by contrast, PGD2 is initially derived from secretory phospholipase A2 and COX-1 followed by sustained formation by cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 and COX-2 (45). The availability of a urinary tetranor PGDM as a biomarker of PGD2 biosynthesis will permit definition of the relative contribution of the two enzymes to its formation in response to experimental or disease-related perturbation in humans and mice.
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Abbreviations used: AA, arachidonic acid; COX, cyclooxygenase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PG, prostaglandin; cPLA2, cytosolic phospholipase A2; Tx, thromboxane.