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Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Asthma and COPD pp 23–40Cite as

β2 Agonists

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 237))

Abstract

History suggests β agonists, the cognate ligand of the β2 adrenoceptor, have been used as bronchodilators for around 5,000 years, and β agonists remain today the frontline treatment for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The β agonists used clinically today are the products of significant expenditure and over 100 year’s intensive research aimed at minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic usefulness. The respiratory physician now has a therapeutic toolbox of long acting β agonists to prophylactically manage bronchoconstriction, and short acting β agonists to relieve acute exacerbations. Despite constituting the cornerstone of asthma and COPD therapy, these drugs are not perfect; significant safety issues have led to a black box warning advising that long acting β agonists should not be used alone in patients with asthma. In addition there are a significant proportion of patients whose asthma remains uncontrolled. In this chapter we discuss the evolution of β agonist use and how the understanding of β agonist actions on their principal target tissue, airway smooth muscle, has led to greater understanding of how these drugs can be further modified and improved in the future. Research into the genetics of the β2 adrenoceptor will also be discussed, as will the implications of individual DNA profiles on the clinical outcomes of β agonist use (pharmacogenetics). Finally we comment on what the future may hold for the use of β agonists in respiratory disease.

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Acknowledgments and Funding

The authors are funded by grants HL58506, AI110007, and P01 HL114471 (RBP), MRC grant MR/M004643/1 (CKB), and MRC grant G1000861 (IPH). We thank Dr Shams-un-nisa Naveed and Mr Vaz Raziq for useful discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK

    Charlotte K. Billington & Ian P. Hall

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Raymond B. Penn

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  1. Charlotte K. Billington
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  2. Raymond B. Penn
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  3. Ian P. Hall
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Correspondence to Ian P. Hall .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Clive P. Page

  2. Airway Disease Section, Imperial College, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom

    Peter J. Barnes

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Billington, C.K., Penn, R.B., Hall, I.P. (2016). β2 Agonists. In: Page, C., Barnes, P. (eds) Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Asthma and COPD. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 237. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_64

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