Effects of diltiazem on hormonal and hemodynamic responses to lower body negative pressure and tilt in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension

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Abstract

Mean arterial blood pressure, forearm vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin activity and aldosterone responses to graded lower body negative pressure and tilt at 80 ° were examined in 10 men with mild to moderate essential hypertension before and after 12 weeks of diltiazem (240 to 360 mg/day) therapy. Diltiazem therapy lowered basal supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures without affecting basal heart rate. Mean arterial blood pressure and forearm vascular resistance were decreased from 114 ± 1.5 to 105 ± 1 mm Hg, p < 0.01 and from 29.3 ± 3.5 to 18.9 ± 2.1 units, p < 0.01, respectively. Diltiazem therapy had no effect on basal supine levels of norepinephrine, plasma renin activity or aldosterone, nor on the responses of these hormones to lower body negative pressure. Diltiazem did decrease the forearm vascular resistance responses to lower body negative pressure and tilt. Diltiazem abolished an orthostatic increase (10 ± 0.3 mm Hg) in mean arterial blood pressure and this was associated with a greater plasma norepinephrine response to tilt. These results suggest that diltiazem decreases vascular resistance through a reduction in the postjunctional effects of norepinephrine on vascular smooth muscle.

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    This work was supported in part by Grant HL 30506 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and by a Veterans Administration Review Grant.

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