A mitochondrial defect in brown adipose tissue of the obese () mouse: Reduced binding of purine nucleotides and a failure to respond to cold by an increase in binding
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2019, Trends in Endocrinology and MetabolismCitation Excerpt :As collection of data is limited in humans, animal models of DM2 could help to understand crosstalk between metabolism and reproduction. These models include genetically induced DM2, such as Lep ob/ob mice, which are deficient in leptin [39–41], Lepr db/db mice and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, which are deficient in the leptin receptor [42,43]. There are also polygenic models of obesity and DM2; for example: C57BL/6J obesity-prone mice that develop obesity and glucose intolerance and moderate IR (however, they rarely develop hyperglycemia and/or islet atrophy when fed an obesogenic diet) [44]; C57BL/6N mice that develop hepatosteatosis, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia following 3 weeks on an HFD [45,46]; New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice that develop moderate hyperphagia, leptin resistance, and pancreatic and hepatic defects and DM2 [47]; TALLYHO/Jng mice that are characterized by moderate obesity, β-cell hypertrophy, hyperplasia with hyperinsulinemia, severe dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia and IR [48]; and KK mice that spontaneously develop diabetic characteristics, including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, IR, and diabetic nephropathy [49].
Insights into the role of endostatin in obesity
2019, Obesity MedicineCitation Excerpt :Human adipose tissue–derived stem cells proliferate into endothelial cells and promotes (Cao et al., 2005). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has a high thermogenic expenditure but it remains inactive in obesity (Himms-Hagen and Desautels, 1998; Tonello et al., 1998). Neovascularization is necessary for BAT hyperplasia, that depend on activation of mitosis in brown fat cells and endothelial cells to form vessels (Bukowiecki et al., 1980) while white adipose tissue (WAT) can be converted into BAT during chronic exposure to cold.
Glucocorticoids and Brown Adipose Tissue: Do glucocorticoids really inhibit thermogenesis?
2019, Molecular Aspects of MedicineCitation Excerpt :Indeed, there is a reduction in GDP-binding to BAT mitochondria in fa/fa rats and ob/ob mice. This can be restored by adrenalectomy, thus indicating that the reduction may be mediated by glucocorticoids (Himms-Hagen and Desautels, 1978; Holt et al., 1983; Holt and York, 1984, 1982; Marchington et al., 1983). This tenet was later apparently confirmed by the fact that successive administration of corticosterone to adrenalectomized fa/fa rats and ob/ob mice reduces GDP-binding to BAT mitochondria, as well as BAT Ucp1 mRNA levels (Arvaniti et al., 1998; Holt et al., 1983; Shargill et al., 1989; Tokuyama and Himms-Hagen, 1987).
Role of mitochondria in adipose tissues metabolism and plasticity
2019, Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic DiseasesA nutritional perspective on UCP1-dependent thermogenesis
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