Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Role of xanthine oxidase inhibitor as free radical scavenger: A novel mechanism of action of allopurinol and oxypurinol in myocardial salvage
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Allopurinol blocks aortic aneurysm in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome via reducing aortic oxidative stress
2022, Free Radical Biology and MedicineCitation Excerpt :Therefore, the blockade of MFS aortopathy by ALO is, in principle, not directly related to changes in UA, but to another accompanying mechanism(s). Of note, ALO has a ROS lowering effect not necessarily related to its XOR inhibition activity, acting accordingly as a direct ROS scavenging moiety [68–71]. We demonstrated this possibility when ALO was added in vitro to MFS aortic rings, quickly attenuating their intrinsic increased H2O2 production levels, regardless of mouse age.
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2020, International Review of Cell and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :During cardiac I/R injury, there are two triggers of cell death: Ca2 + and ROS overload. Inhibition of either trigger reduces cardiomyocyte cell death following I/R injury, which indicates that these death triggers are intertwined (Braunersreuther et al., 2013; Das et al., 1987; Fauconnier et al., 2013; Gardner et al., 1983; Miyamoto et al., 2000; Niwano et al., 2008; Ohtsuka et al., 2004; Sallinen et al., 2007). Both Ca2 + and ROS have the ability to evoke multiple forms of cell death, which should be considered as a continuum instead of individual pathways (Fig. 2 and Table 1) (Konstantinidis et al., 2012).
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2019, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical AnalysisCitation Excerpt :Hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system mediated by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XOD) is one source of ROS and a cause of dramatic tissue injury. XOD exists in normal tissue predominantly as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and XDH is converted to oxygen radical-producing XOD during ischemic and anaerobic conditions [28], which lead to a concomitant increase in the amount of hypoxanthine owing to the degeneration of intracellular ATP stores. Accumulated hypoxanthine is then oxidized to uric acid in the presence of XOD, during which the superoxide radical is formed.
Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept
2015, Redox BiologyCitation Excerpt :While allopurinol/oxypurinol treatment has proven to be highly effective in inhibiting XO activity and ROS production, and in reducing reperfusion injury in several model systems, some concerns have been raised regarding non-specific actions of the drugs. For example, it has been proposed that allopurinol and oxypurinol may offer protection against I/R injury by acting as radical scavengers [165,166]. However, reports describing this action of the XO inhibitors have employed concentrations that far exceed the doses needed to inhibit the enzyme.