Elsevier

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Volume 3, Issue 1, January–February 1975, Pages 47-55
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

A modification of the jump-flinch technique for measuring pain sensitivity in rats

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(75)90079-9Get rights and content

Abstract

The jump-flinch procedure provides a sensitive alternative to the hot-plate and tail-flick procedures. Analysis of the components of motor responses to increasing intensity of foot shock presentation has allowed the observational discrimination of five reliably elicited categories of unlearned responses to inescapable foot shock. Morphine sulfate differentially altered response category thresholds in rats. Response category thresholds also differed between Wistar and Fisher strain rats in analgesic effects of morphine sulfate.

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    In models such as rats, defensive behaviors are monitored by a number of different assays. For instance, the tail flick, hind paw withdrawal and jump-flinch are all responses to noxious stimuli that may be sensitized after formalin injection, high-intensity light beams, hot plates or after spinal nerve ligation surgery (e.g., Juszkiewicz-Donsbach and Levy, 1962; Bonnet and Peterson, 1975; Pitcher et al., 1999; Kim et al., 2014; reviewed by Bannon, 2001; Bannon and Malmberg, 2007; Gregory et al., 2013). These responses are quantified by assessing either the latency to respond to the noxious stimulus or the intensity of the stimulus causing a response (the threshold response).

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This work was supported in part by grant number 1R01-DA-00356-01 awarded to the senior author by NIMH.

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Present address: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y. 10016.

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