Cell
Volume 34, Issue 3, October 1983, Pages 807-814
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Article
Isolation, sequence analysis, and intron-exon arrangement of the gene encoding bovine rhodopsin

https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(83)90537-8Get rights and content

Abstract

We have isolated cDNA clones generated from the mRNA encoding the opsin apoprotein of bovine rhodopsin and used these cDNAs to isolate genomic DNA clones containing the complete opsin gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs has yielded a complete amino acid sequence for bovine rhodopsin and provided an intron-exon map of its gene. The mRNA homologous sequences in the 6.4 kb gene consist of a 96 by 5′ untranslated region, a 1044 by coding region, and a surprisingly long ∼1400 by 3′ untranslated region, and are divided into five exons by four introns that interrupt the coding region. Secondary structure analysis predicts that the bovine rhodopsin chain, like that of bacteriorhodopsin, contains seven transmembrane segments. Interestingly, three of the four introns are immediately distal to the codons for three of these segments, and one of these introns marks the boundary between the C-terminal domain and a transmembrane domain.

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      Structural information derived from the X-ray and NMR investigations develops its explanatory power in conjunction with functional studies. Such studies had been conducted for a long time but have taken off with the progress of molecular biology, which started with the sequence analysis of the gene encoding bovine rhodopsin (Nathans and Hogness, 1983). The total chemical synthesis of a rhodopsin gene (Ferretti et al., 1986) and its expression (Oprian et al., 1987) in Gobind Khorana's laboratory by Oprian and co-workers paved the way for combined mutational and biophysical studies.

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