Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailability☆
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Trends in nicotine consumption between 2010 and 2017 in an Australian city using the wastewater-based epidemiology approach
2019, Environment InternationalCitation Excerpt :This is likely because there are few excretion studies available, and these are generally based on small sample sizes. Further studies have concluded that the variability in absorbed dose is mostly determined by individual smoking behaviour and variability in excretion rates (Kozlowski et al., 1998; Benowitz and Jacob III, 1984; Gori and Lynch, 1985), indicating that excreted cotinine concentrations correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day but not with the nicotine yield. While small adjustments in dose significantly change our estimates of smoked cigarettes, it can be assumed that inter-individual variability in dose and excretion rates within the population will not change systematically when assessing long-term trends over the study period.
Effects of chronic inhalation of electronic cigarettes containing nicotine on glial glutamate transporters and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in female CD-1 mice
2017, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological PsychiatrySmoking behaviour and compensation: A review of the literature with meta-analysis
2014, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyReduced exposure evaluation of an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System. Part 1: Non-clinical and clinical insights
2012, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :A subset of the data set (EHCSS-K6, M6UK, and PM1 cigarettes; ISO regimen and 15 additional experimental machine-smoking regimens reflecting HPB) was used to develop the ‘nicotine bridging’ method (Urban et al., 2012). The HPB regimens were used since standard machine-smoking protocols are not representative of human smoking behavior and cannot be used to predict the actual exposure of a smoker (Gori and Lynch, 1985). In vitro toxicological assessment was performed to assess bacterial mutagenicity of the smoke particulate phase (condensate) towards three tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, and TA1537 with S9 activation) in the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Maron and Ames, 1983) according to recommendations by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1997) and International Conference on Harmonization (International Conference on Harmonization, 1995).
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Preliminary results of this study were first presented at the 21st Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan, P.R., December 15–17, 1982.