Vitamin E and drug metabolism
Section snippets
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, Br 778/6-1.
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2022, Bioactive LipidsMethods for efficient analysis of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their metabolites in animal samples with HPLC-EC
2018, Journal of Food and Drug AnalysisCitation Excerpt :As a consequence, most of the absorbed γ-T, δ-T, tocotrienols and some of α-T are metabolized via a side-chain degradation pathway. The degradation is initiated with ω-oxidation followed by cycles of β-oxidation of the side chain, to generate a series of carboxychromanol metabolites, such as the terminal metabolites carboxyethyl hydroxychromons (CEHCs) and their precursors, carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromons (CMBHCs) [1–7]. Using γ-T and γ-T3 as examples, the structures of these compounds and their common metabolic pathways are shown in Fig. 1.
Vitamin and mineral supplements: Friend or foe when combined with medications?
2014, Journal of the American Dental AssociationCitation Excerpt :Although many of these types of interactions may be theoretical, we searched specifically for high-quality evidence-based interactions of greatest clinical concern between medications used commonly by dentists and vitamins and minerals used most commonly in the United States.12,13 For practicing dentists, it is this compilation that may be most clinically useful (Table 212–14,23–49). In general, medications used commonly in dentistry are not responsible for clinically significant vitamin- and mineral-drug interactions.
Vitamin E-gene interactions in aging and inflammatory age-related diseases: Implications for treatment. A systematic review
2014, Ageing Research ReviewsCitation Excerpt :The Vitamin E–gene interactions may be an useful tool for a personalized supplementation avoiding its possible toxic effect because an interaction with other micronutrients might occur leading to an unbalance among micronutrients, as it occurs for other micronutrients (Mocchegiani et al., 2012). Moreover, an excess of Vitamin E in the liver activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a transcription factor that may lead to the expression of drug resistance genes, including cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferase A2 and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2-40/41) (Brigelius-Flohe, 2003) with thus possible resistance to drugs deputed to care the chronic inflammation. As a consequence, the subsequent development of adverse events in aging can arise.
Human oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tocotrienols from tocotrienol-rich (tocopherol-low) barley oil and palm oil formulations
2014, Journal of Functional FoodsCitation Excerpt :We have no adequate explanation for these contrary results, but we propose consideration of the following as contributory factors: according to Brigelius-Flohé et al. (2004), calculation of the percentage of Ts which can be found as CEHCs showed that less than 1% of applied deuterated α-T (d6-α-T) was degraded to urinary α-CEHC in humans, whereas about 7.5% of deuterated γ-T (d2-γ-T) appeared as γ-CEHC in urine. However, the degree of degradation of α-T is generally low compared to α- and γ-T3 (Brigelius-Flohé, 2003); in human HepG2 cells, the α-CEHC and α-CMBHC production was 20 and 100 times higher, respectively, from α-T3 than from α-T. Moreover, T3s are catabolised more rapidly than Ts in human liver microsomes (Sontag & Parker, 2007). This high selectivity of the metabolising system for T3s compared to Ts may contribute to the comparatively high proportions of ingested T3 doses excreted as metabolites in our study.