European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology
Determination of tamoxifen and biologically active metabolites in human breast tumours and plasma
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Characterisation of the ecotoxicity of hospital effluents: A review
2013, Science of the Total EnvironmentCitation Excerpt :These compounds may be present in large quantities and contribute to a great extent to the toxicity of HWW (Boillot et al., 2008); (ii) metabolites produced by metabolism (e.g. erythromycine H2O) and reactions between organic compounds and the chlorine present in HWW (e.g. dichloracetic acid). These compounds must be considered in the same way as “parent” compounds, since their toxicity can be far greater than the original compounds (Daniel et al., 1981; Wu et al., 2009); (iii) products used for diagnostics such as ICMs, present in large quantities in both hospital effluents and the environment (Santos et al., 2010). What is more, there is practically no ecotoxicological data relating to these compounds; (iv) metals that can stem from the ageing of hospital piping, leaching of buildings by rainwater (sometimes mixed with wastewater (e.g. Cu, Pb)), and drugs (e.g. Gd, Pt).
Long-term treatment with the pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant durably remodels estrogen signaling in BG-1 ovarian cancer cells
2012, Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :However, such high cytostatic concentrations are difficult to reach in clinical practice and this might explain the poor response of ovarian cancers to tamoxifen-based therapies. As a comparison, the clinical use of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients leads to intra-tumoral concentrations of 4OHTam (the active metabolite of tamoxifen) between 77 nM [39] and 180 nM [40]. Another consequence of the poor response of BG1 ovarian cancer cells to OHTam is that very high concentrations of OHTam (raising progressively to 16 μM) are needed to select resistant cells on the basis of its cytostatic effect [28].
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