Integrins: Structure, Function, and Biological Properties

doi:10.1016/S1569-2558(08)60204-0

Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology

Volume 6, 1993, Pages 225-252

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-2558(08)60204-0 Get rights and content

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A family of cell adhesion receptors, termed integrins, has been defined that potentiate a wide variety of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Integrins not only mediate cell adhesion events but are also involved in transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the intracellular compartment. Integrins are heterodimeric molecules expressed on the cell surface that require divalent cations for functional activity. The integrin family is composed of at least 18 members based on the expression of 12α and 7β subunits. Depending on the α/β subunit pairing, the intact heterodimer can recognize either one or multiple ligands present in the extracellular matrix or on the surface of opposing cells. In some cases, a given β subunit such as β1 , can associate with multiple a subunits leading to cell adhesion to ligands, such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin among others. The β2 integrins are restricted to leukocytes and primarily mediate cell-cell interactions that are important in immune recognition and inflammation. The β3 integrins include two members characterized by αIIβ expressed on platelets and a v expressed on a variety of cell types. The β3 integrins recognize fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, and vitronectin among others.

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The effect of a recombinant RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid)-containing fusion protein, cellulose-binding domain (CBD)-RGD, on the cellular adhesion to a biomedical polyurethane (PU) was evaluated. A series of different cell lines, as well as freshly harvested animal cells, were grown on the PU surfaces with or without CBD-RGD, in serum or serum-free media. The results showed that the enhancement of cellular attachment by CBD-RGD varied with cell types. This is believed to be a result of the unique integrin receptors on each type of cell surface. The existence of certain divalent ions (Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺) may increase the efficacy of the CBD-RGD, in a cell type-dependent manner. The fusion protein was also found to inhibit the platelet activation. The effect of CBD-RGD was further examined in two other substrate materials, poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The effect on cellular adhesion correlated with the amount of CBD-RGD physically adsorbed on the material surface.
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Newly formed tumour-related blood vessels sprout into the extracellular matrix (ECM), a process dependent on the ability of proliferating endothelial cells to interact with diverse glycopotein components of this ECM. This interaction is mediated by endothelial transmembrane receptors or integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 [1–3]. Whereas quiescent cells hardly express integrins, proliferating endothelial cells are the primary source of increased αvβ3 expression found in various human epithelial tumours [3–5].
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Integrins: Structure, Function, and Biological Properties

Publisher Summary

Cell

J. Biol. Chem.

Cell

Dev. Biol.

Cell

Cell

Cell

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TIBS

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J. Biol. Chem.

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Cell

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Trends Cell Biol.

Solution structure of kistrin, a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor and GPIIb-IIIa antagonist

Science

Integrins and other cell adhesion molecules

FASEB J.

Integrin distribution in malignant melanoma: Association of the β3 subunit with tumor progression

Cancer Res.

Signal transduction initiated by extracellular nucleotides regulates the high affinity ligand recognition of the adhesive receptor CD11 b/CD18

J. Immunol.

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency: An inherited defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150, 95 glycoproleins

Annu. Rev. Med.

Biologically active synthetic peptides as probes of embryonic development: A competitive peptide inhibitor of fibronectin function inhibits gastrulation in amphibian embryos and neural crest cell migration in avian embryos

J. Cell Biol.

A monoclonal antibody (LYP18) directed against the blood platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex inhibits human melanoma growth in vivo

Blood

Focal adhesions: Transmembrane junctions between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton

Annu. Rev. Cell Biol.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mediates lymphocyte adherence to cytokine-activated cultured human endothelial cells

Blood