Original ArticleResting-State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression: Abnormally Increased Contributions from Subgenual Cingulate Cortex and Thalamus
Section snippets
Subjects
Subjects were recruited through inpatient and outpatient facilities at Stanford University or self-referred from online and print study advertisements. Eligibility screening procedures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID) (First et al. 1997), the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) (Hamilton 1980), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (Overall and Gorham 1961), and clinical laboratory tests (complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel,
Subjects
The control group had a mean age of 35.4 with 11 women and 9 men. The depressed group had a mean age of 38.5 with 16 women and 12 men. Groups did not differ significantly in mean age (t-test p = .46) or gender distribution (chi-square p = .88). The mean HDRS score was 25.4 in the depressed group with a standard deviation (SD) of 4. The mean HDRS score in the control group was .4 (SD .5).
Regarding exposure to psychotropic medications, control subjects and 8 of 28 depressed subjects were not
Discussion
This is the first study to describe default-mode network abnormalities in major depression. The finding of increased subgenual cingulate functional connectivity in major depression provides cross-modality support for the growing body of evidence implicating this region as a dysfunctional node in a distributed limbic and paralimbic neural network (Botteron et al 2002, Drevets et al 1997, Drevets et al 2002, Hirayasu et al 1999, Kennedy et al 2001, Mayberg et al 2000, Ongur et al 1998, Osuch et
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