Archival ReportRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Reduces Nicotine Cue Craving
Section snippets
Participants
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The experiment was carried out at Brain Stimulation Laboratory in the Department of Psychiatry at MUSC.
Healthy, right-handed, non-treatment-seeking, nicotine-dependent smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) between 21 and 60 years old were recruited through local flyers, newspaper, and Internet advertisements. All study procedures were
Participant Characteristics
Table 1 shows the demographic information for study subjects. Sixteen non-treatment-seeking participants (12 men and 4 women) signed informed consent, and 14 completed the study. Two men completed the first visit (one was sham, one was real TMS) but were terminated from the study for missing their second visit. The average age of participants who completed the protocol was 42.6 years (SD = 11.5), and participants smoked an average of 18.1 cigarettes per day (SD = 6.6). Participants had been
Discussion
This study found that a lab-based paradigm of smoking-related cue exposure produced reliable increases in subjective craving to smoke. With this background, high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC for 15 min, compared with sham stimulation, significantly reduced cue-induced cravings to smoke. Across the group, the reduction in cue-induced craving was positively correlated with level of nicotine dependence. That is, more TMS-induced craving reductions were seen in those with higher levels of
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