The YXXQ motif in gp 130 is crucial for STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser727 through an H7-sensitive kinase pathway

Abstract

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is essential for mediating signals from the receptors for a variety of cytokines and growth factors, including IL-6 and EGF, and from cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. Upon stimulation, STAT3 is phosphorylated at Ser727 and Tyr705. However, the role of phosphorylation at Ser727, and the kinase pathways responsible for this phosphorylation in IL-6 signaling remain obscure. Here we show that IL-6 activates at least two distinct STAT3 serine kinase pathways and that an H7-sensitive pathway is dominant over a PD98059-sensitive one in HepG2 cells stimulated with a low concentration of IL-6. The analysis, using a series of chimeric receptors containing the extracellular domain of the G-CSF receptor, the truncated form of gp 130, and additional short peptides at the gp 130 carboxy-terminus, showed that the YXXQ motif of gp 130 was sufficient for the H7-sensitive STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation. This YXXQ-mediated pathway does not involve Erk, p38, JNK, or PKCδ, and requires a site in the region from 533 to 711 of STAT3 for phosphorylation in vivo. Moreover, we show that Ser727 is required for full transcriptional activity of STAT3 for two different response elements. Thus, the YXXQ motif regulates STAT3 activities in two ways in response to even a low concentration of IL-6: it recruits STAT3 to the receptor for tyrosine phosphorylation, and activates an unidentified H7-sensitive pathway leading to the serine phosphorylation of STAT3.