Semin Reprod Med 2005; 23(1): 82-91
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864036
Copyright © 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Mifepristone in Abortion Care

Courtney Schreiber1 , 3 , Mitchell Creinin2 , 3
  • 1Contraception Research and Family Planning, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  • 2Gynecologic Specialties, and Family Planning, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
  • 3Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
15 February 2005 (online)

ABSTRACT

With the addition of a prostaglandin analog, mifepristone allows for successful outpatient termination of pregnancy up to 63 days gestation in 92-99% of women. In the inpatient setting, studies have shown that mifepristone in combination with a prostaglandin analog is also effective as an abortifacient in the late first trimester. In the second trimester, the addition of mifepristone to a prostaglandin regimen has been shown to expedite induction time. At all stages of pregnancy, the use of mifepristone facilitates and ameliorates prostaglandins' expulsive effects on the uterine contents. The rich literature regarding mifepristone in the setting of abortion care has made an important contribution to how physicians treat undesired and problem pregnancies. As with any area of medicine, treatment options provide important flexibility for patients and clinicians alike.

REFERENCES

  • 1 Pincus G. The Control of Fertility. New York; Academic Press 1965: 128-138
  • 2 Peyron R, Aubény E, Targosz V et al.. Early termination of pregnancy with mifepristone (RU 486) and the orally active prostaglandin misoprostol.  N Engl J Med. 1993;  328 1509-1513
  • 3 Aubény E, Peyron R, Turpin C L et al.. Termination of early pregnancy (up to 63 days of amenorrhea) with mifepristone (RU486) and increasing doses of misoprostol.  Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1995;  40(suppl 2) 85-91
  • 4 Spitz I M, Bardin C W, Benton L, Robbins A. Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in the United States.  N Engl J Med. 1998;  338 1241-1247
  • 5 Aubeny E. A two-stage increase in the dose of misoprostol improves the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and prostaglandins (letter).  Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2001;  6 54-55
  • 6 Schaff E A, Eisinger S H, Stadalius L S et al.. Low-dose mifepristone 200 mg and vaginal misoprostol for abortion.  Contraception. 1999;  59 1-6
  • 7 Ngai S W, Yeung K C, Lao T, Ho P C. Oral misoprostol versus mifepristone for cervical dilatation before vacuum aspiration in first trimester nulliparous pregnancies: a double blind prospective randomized study.  BJOG. 1996;  103 1120-1123
  • 8 Carbonne B, Brennand J E, Maria B, Carbrol D, Calder A A. Effects of gemeprost and mifepristone on the mechanical properties of the cervix prior to first trimester termination of pregnancy.  BJOG. 1995;  102 553-558
  • 9 Ashok P W, Flett G M, Templeton A. Mifepristone versus vaginally administered misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a randomized, controlled study.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;  183 998-1002
  • 10 Pohls U G, Steck T, Dietl J. Fetal complications after failed pregnancy termination in the first trimester.  Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 2000;  204 153-157
  • 11 Autry A M, Hayes E C, Jacobson G F, Kirby R S. A comparison of medical induction and dilatation and evacuation for second trimester abortion.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  187 393-397
  • 12 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The care of women requesting induced abortion. London; RCOG 2000
  • 13 Grimes D A, Cates W. Complications from legally-induced abortion: a review.  Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1979;  34 171-191
  • 14 Rodger M T, Baird D T. Pre-treatment with mifepristone (RU-486) reduces interval between prostaglandin administration and expulsion in second trimester abortion.  BJOG. 1990;  97 41-45
  • 15 Webster D, Gillian P C, Templeton A. A comparison of 600 and 200 mg mifepristone prior to second trimester abortion with the prostaglandin misoprostol.  BJOG. 1996;  103 706-709
  • 16 Creinin M D. Medical abortion regimens: Historical context and overview.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;  183 S3-S9
  • 17 McFarlane D R. Induced abortion: a historical overview.  Am J Gynecol Health. 1993;  7 77-83
  • 18 Heikinheimo O, Tevilin M, Shoupe D, Croxatto H, Lahteenmaki P. Quantitation of RU 486 in human plasma by HPLC and RIA after chromatography.  Contraception. 1993;  48 133-149
  • 19 Mahajan D K, London S N. Mifepristone (RU486): a review.  Fertil Steril. 1997;  86 967-976
  • 20 Hermann W L, Schlindler A M, Wyss R, Bischoff P. Effects of antiprogesterone RU 486 in early pregnancy and during the menstrual cycle. In: Beaulieu EE, Siegel S The antiprogestin steroid RU 486 and human fertility control New York; Plenum 1985: 259-262
  • 21 Swahn M L, Bygdeman M. The effect of the antiprogestin RU 486 on uterine contractility and sensitivity to prostaglandin and oxytocin.  BJOG. 1988;  95 126-134
  • 22 Creinin M D, Fox M C, Teal S, Chen A, Schaff E A, Meyn L A. A randomized Comparison of Misoprostol 6 to 8 hours versus 24 hours after mifepristone for abortion.  Obstet Gynecol. 2004;  103 851-859
  • 23 Birgerson L, Odlind V. Early pregnancy termination with antiprogestins: a comparative clinical study of mifepristone given in two dose regimens and Epostane.  Fertil Steril. 1987;  48 565-570
  • 24 Kovacs L, Sas M, Resch B A et al.. Termination of very early pregnancy by RU 486, an antiprogestational compound.  Contraception. 1984;  29 399-410
  • 25 Birgerson L. Clinical effects of RU 486 administered for seven days in early pregnancy. In: Baulieu EE, Siegel S, The Antiprogestin Steroid RU 486 and Human Fertility Control New York; Plenum 1985: 235-241
  • 26 Swahn M L, Cekan S, Wang G, Lujndstrom V, Bygdeman M. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of RU 486 for fertility regulation. In: Baulieu EE, Siegel S The Antiprogestin Steroid RU 486 and Human Fertility Control New York; Plenum 1985 : 249-258
  • 27 Bygdeman M, Swahn M L. Progesterone receptor blockage. Effect on uterine contractility and early pregnancy.  Contraception. 1985;  32 45-51
  • 28 Shoupe D, Mishell  Jr D R, Brenner P F, Spitz I M. Pregnancy termination with a high and medium dosage regimen of RU-486.  Contraception. 1986;  33 455-461
  • 29 Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. Available at: http://www.crlp.org
  • 30 Norman J E, Thong K J, Baird D T. Uterine contractility and induction of abortion in early pregnancy by misoprostol and mifepristone.  Lancet. 1991;  338 1233-1236
  • 31 Creinin M D, Vittinghoff E. Methotrexate and misoprostol vs. misoprostol alone for early abortion: a randomized controlled trial.  JAMA. 1994;  272 1190-1195
  • 32 Bugalho A, Faundes A, Jamisse L, Usfa M, Maria E, Bique C. Evaluation of the effectiveness of misoprostol to induce first trimester abortion.  Contraception. 1996;  53 237-242
  • 33 Koopersmith T B, Mishell D R. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy.  Contraception. 1996;  53 237-242
  • 34 Carbonell J LL, Varela L, Velazco A, Fernandez C. The use of misoprostol for termination of early pregnancy.  Contraception. 1997;  55 165-168
  • 35 Jain J K, Mishell D R, Mekstroth K, Lacarra M. The use of vaginal misoprostol for termination of pregnancies < 56 days. Paper presented at the American Public Health Association 126th Annual Meeting; November 15-18 1998 Washington, DC;
  • 36 El-Rafaey H, Rajasekar D, Abdalla M et al.. Induction of abortion with mifepristone (RU 486) and oral or vaginal misoprostol.  N Engl J Med. 1995;  332 983-987
  • 37 Wiebe E, Dunn S, Guilbert E et al.. Comparison of abortions induced by methotrexate or mifepristone followed by misoprostol.  Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  99 813-819
  • 38 Jones R K, Henshaw S K. Mifepristone for early medical abortion: experiences in France, Great Britain and Sweden.  Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2002;  34 154-161
  • 39 World Health Organization Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation. Termination of pregnancy with reduced doses of mifepristone.  BMJ. 1993;  307 532-537
  • 40 McKinley C, Thong K J, Baird D T. The effect of dose of mifepristone and gestation on the efficacy of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol.  Hum Reprod. 1993;  8 1502-1505
  • 41 World Health Organization Task Force on Post-Ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Comparison of two doses of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for early medical abortion: a randomised trial.  BJOG. 2000;  107 524-530
  • 42 World Health Organization Task Force on Post-Ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Comparison of two doses of mifepristone in combination with misoprostol for early medical abortion: a randomised trial.  BJOG. 2000;  107 524-530
  • 43 Ashok P, Penney G, Flett G, Templeton A. An effective regimen for early medical abortion: a report of 2000 consecutive cases.  Hum Reprod. 1998;  13 2962-2965
  • 44 Schaff E A, Fielding S L, Eisinger S H et al.. Low-dose mifepristone followed by vaginal misoprostol at 48 hours for abortion up to 63 days.  Contraception. 2000;  61 41-46
  • 45 Tang O S, Ho P C. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol for medical abortion.  Contraception. 2001;  64 315-317
  • 46 Tang O S, Xu J, Cheng L et al.. Pilot study on the use of sublingual misoprostol with mifepristone in termination of first trimester pregnancy up to 9 weeks gestation.  Hum Reprod. 2002;  17 1738-1740
  • 47 Schaff E A, Fielding S L, Westhoff C. Randomized trial of oral versus vaginal misoprostol at one day after mifepristone for early medical abortion.  Contraception. 2001;  64 81-85
  • 48 El-Rafaey H. Early induction of abortion by a combination of oral mifepristone and misoprostol administered by the vaginal route.  Contraception. 1994;  49 111-114
  • 49 Bartley J, Brown A, Elton R, Baird D T. Double-blind randomized trial of mifepristone in combination with vaginal gemeprost of misoprostol for induction of abortion up to 63 days gestation.  Hum Reprod. 2001;  16 2098-2102
  • 50 von Hertzen H, Honkanen H, Piaggio G, Bartfai E R et al.. WHO multinational study of three misoprostol regimens after mifepristone for early medical abortion I: Efficacy.  BJOG. 2003;  110 808-818
  • 51 Schaff E A, Stadalius L S, Eisinger S H, Franks P. Vaginal misoprostol administered at home after mifepristone (RU486) for abortion.  J Fam Pract. 1997;  44 353-360
  • 52 Schaff E A, Fielding S L, Westhoff C et al.. Randomized trial of vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 days after mifepristone for early medical abortion (< 56 days gestation).  JAMA. 2000;  284 1948-1953
  • 53 Pymar H C, Creinin M D, Schwartz J L. Mifepristone followed on the same day by vaginal misoprostol for early abortion.  Contraception. 2001;  64 87-92
  • 54 Fox M C, Creinin M D, Harwood B. Mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol on the same day for abortion from 50 to 63 days' gestation.  Contraception. 2002;  66 225-229
  • 55 Harwood B, Meckstroth K R, Mishell D R, Jain J K. Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and endometrial thickness after medical abortion.  Contraception. 2001;  63 255-256
  • 56 Thong K J, Baird D T. Induction of abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol in early pregnancy.  Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1992;  99 1004-1007
  • 57 Davis A, Westhoff C, De Nonno L. Bleeding patterns after early abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or manual vacuum aspiration.  Journal of the American Medical Women's Association. 2000;  55 141-144
  • 58 Tang O S, Gao P P, Cheng L et al.. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of OC pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol.  Hum Reprod. 1999;  14 722-725
  • 59 Tang O S, Xu J, Cheng L et al.. The effect of contraceptive pills on the measured blood loss in medical termination of pregnancy by mifepristone and misoprostol a randomized placebo controlled trial.  Hum Reprod. 2002;  17 99-102
  • 60 Breitbart V, Callaway D. The Counseling Component of Medical Abortion.  Journal of the American Medical Women's Association. 2000;  55 164-166
  • 61 Kletzky O A, Marrs R P, Howard W F, McCormick W, Mishell Jr D R. Disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin and resumption of ovulation following abortion.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979;  135 731-736
  • 62 Lahteenmaki P. The disappearance of hCG and return of pituitary function after abortion.  Clin Endocrinol. 1978;  9 101-112
  • 63 Lahteenmaki P, Luukkainen T. Return of ovarian function after abortion.  Clin Endocrinol. 1978;  8 123-132
  • 64 Cameron I T, Baird D T. The return to ovulation following early abortion: a comparison between vacuum aspiration and prostaglandin.  Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1988;  118 161-167
  • 65 Donnet M L, Howie M, Cooper W, Lewis M. Return of ovarian function following spontaneous abortion.  Clin Endocrinol. 1990;  33 13-20
  • 66 Stewart F H, Wells E S, Flinn S K, Weitz T A. Early Medical Abortion: Issues for Practice. San Francisco, CA; UCSF Center for Reproductive Health Research and Policy 2001
  • 67 Ashok P W, Gillian F, Templeton A. Mifepristone versus vaginally administered misoprostol for cervical priming before first-trimester termination of pregnancy: a randomized, controlled study.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;  183 998-1002
  • 68 Gouk E V, Lincoln K, Khair A, Haslock J, Knight J, Cruickshank D J. Medical termination of pregnancy at 63 to 83 days gestation.  BJOG. 1999;  106 535-539
  • 69 Ashok P W, Gillian F, Templeton A. Termination of pregnancy at 9-13 weeks' amenorrhea with mifepristone and misoprostol.  Lancet. 1998;  352 542-543
  • 70 Jain J K, Mishell D R. A comparison of intravaginally misoprostol with prostaglandin E2 for termination of second trimester pregnancy.  N Engl J Med. 1994;  331 290-293
  • 71 Ho P C, Yu N, Hung E, Tang O S. Mifepristone: contraceptive and non-contraceptive uses.  Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  14 325-330
  • 72 Ngai S W, Tang O S, Ho C P. Randomized comparison of vaginal (200 μg every 3 h) and oral (400 μg every 3 h) misoprostol when combined with mifepristone in termination of second trimester pregnancy.  Hum Reprod. 2000;  15 2205-2208
  • 73 El-Rafey H, Hinshaw K, Templeton A. The abortifacient effect of misoprostol in the second trimester. A randomized comparison with gemeprost in patients pre-treated with mifepristone (RU486).  Hum Reprod. 1993;  8 1744-1746
  • 74 Ho P C, Tsang S SK, Ma H K. Reducing the induction to abortion interval in termination of second trimester pregnancies: a comparison of mifepristone with laminaria tent.  BJOG. 1995;  102 648-651
  • 75 Goujard J. Mifépristone, risque téraogenes. L'interruption de grossesse depuis in loi veil.  Flammarion. 1992;  55-57
  • 76 Hamoda H, Ashok G, Templeton A. Medical abortion at 64 to 91 days of gestation: a review of 483 consecutive cases.  Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;  188 1315-1319
  • 77 Fonseca W, Alencar A JC, Mota F SB, Coelho H LL. Misoprostol and congenital malformations.  Lancet. 1991;  338 56
  • 78 Pastuszak A, Schuler L, Speck-Martin C E et al.. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Mobius' syndrome in infants.  N Engl J Med. 1998;  338 1881-1885

Courtney SchreiberM.D. 

Contraception Research and Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Magee Womens Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213

Email: cschreiber@mail.magee.edu

    >