Case ReportRhabdomyolysis After Ingestion of “Foxy,” a Hallucinogenic Tryptamine Derivative
Section snippets
REPORT OF A CASE
A healthy 23-year-old man was brought to the emergency department because of combative behavior and hallucinations. He had reportedly ingested 25 mg of 5-MeO-DIPT 30 minutes before symptom onset, which is somewhat more than the typical oral ingestion of 6 to 20 mg.2 He later noted that a friend had ingested some of the same supply of the drug without unpleasant effects. The patient denied concurrent use of other substances and had no history of trauma, crush injury, or seizures. Initial
DISCUSSION
Hallucinogenic tryptamines, including 5-MeO-DIPT, are derivatives of indoleethylamine (tryptamine) with substitutions on the indole ring and ethylamine side chains responsible for hallucinogenic properties. Other drugs in the class, all associated with abuse, include alpha-ethyltryptamine, alpha-methyltryptamine, DMT, and psilocybin.
5-MeO-DIPT emerged as a drug of abuse in 1999 and has been used increasingly since then. Desired effects of foxy include euphoria, visual and auditory
CONCLUSION
5-MeO-DIPT, which along with other hallucinogenic tryptamines is an increasingly common drug of abuse, is not detected by routine toxicology screening. The possibility of intoxication with these agents should be entertained in the appropriate setting, and clinicians should be aware of the potentially serious morbidity and mortality associated with their use.
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2021, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Such adverse effects include agitation, aggression, anxiety, paranoia, confusion, visual and auditory hallucinations, and psychosis (Forrester, 2013, 2014; Halberstadt, 2017; Hermanns-Clausen et al., 2017; Hill et al., 2013; Huang and Bai, 2011; Iwersen-Bergmann et al., 2019; Srisuma et al., 2015; Stellpflug et al., 2014; Stoller et al., 2017; Wood et al., 2015). Similarly, tryptamine NPS have been linked to cognitive disturbances including agitation, anxiety, confusion, disorientation, perceptual disturbances, and hallucinations (Alatrash et al., 2006; Boland et al., 2005; Ikeda et al., 2005; Itokawa et al., 2007; Meatherall and Sharma, 2003). There is currently virtually no information available regarding neurological consequences of lysergamide NPS use.
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2020, Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life SciencesCitation Excerpt :In China, in recent years, hallucinogenic tryptamines have become an increasingly abused recreational drug class. Tryptamines can frequently produce feelings of euphoria, disinhibition, and auditory and visual hallucinations; users often experience significant adverse reactions, including tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, and hyperthermia when the users are severely intoxicated [1,4–10]. These molecules of tryptamines are not routinely detected using common screening panels [3].
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2017, International Journal of Drug PolicyCitation Excerpt :NPS with hallucinogenic properties include plant-based substances such as kratom and salvia, as well as synthetic products such as substituted phenethylamines derivatives and tryptamine entactogens (Abdulrahim & Bowden-Jones, 2015). Acute harms centre round toxicity in hallucinogenic NPS with stimulant features and symptoms of serotonin syndrome (Abdulrahim & Bowden-Jones, 2015; Alatrash, Majhail, & Pile, 2006; Boland, Andollo, Hime, & Hearn, 2005). Synthetic cannabinoids have become popular in European drug scenes since 2009 (EMCDDA, 2016; Jerry, Collins, & Streem, 2012).
- 1
Dr Alatrash is now with the Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
- 2
Dr Majhail is now with the Department of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis