Several lines of evidence indicate a role for the tachykinin peptides in airways diseases. For instance, elevated levels of tachykinins have been recovered from the airways of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and airway inflammation leads to an upregulation of the tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors. Recent advances in tachykinin receptor pharmacology have allowed a more detailed analysis of this system and preclinical animal studies have indicated a role for the NK1 and NK2 receptors in bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation caused by allergic and nonallergic stimuli. In the past three years, work has entered the clinic and selective or dual-selective NK1/NK2 receptor antagonists appear to have the potential to affect the different aspects of asthma and COPD.