A TAS1R receptor-based explanation of sweet 'water-taste'

Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):354-7. doi: 10.1038/nature04765. Epub 2006 Apr 23.

Abstract

'Water-tastes' are gustatory after-impressions elicited by water following the removal of a chemical solution from the mouth, akin to colour after-images appearing on 'white' paper after fixation on coloured images. Unlike colour after-images, gustatory after-effects are poorly understood. One theory posits that 'water-tastes' are adaptation phenomena, in which adaptation to one taste solution causes the water presented subsequently to act as a taste stimulus. An alternative hypothesis is that removal of the stimulus upon rinsing generates a receptor-based, positive, off-response in taste-receptor cells, ultimately inducing a gustatory perception. Here we show that a sweet 'water-taste' is elicited when sweet-taste inhibitors are rinsed away. Responses of cultured cells expressing the human sweetener receptor directly parallel the psychophysical responses-water rinses remove the inhibitor from the heteromeric sweetener receptor TAS1R2-TAS1R3, which activates cells and results in the perception of strong sweetness from pure water. This 'rebound' activity occurs when equilibrium forces on the two-state allosteric sweet receptors result in their coordinated shift to the activated state upon being released from inhibition by rinsing.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Physiological / drug effects
  • Adaptation, Physiological / physiology
  • Allosteric Regulation / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Models, Biological
  • Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / metabolism*
  • Saccharin / pharmacology
  • Taste / drug effects*
  • Taste / physiology*
  • Water / metabolism
  • Water / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
  • Water
  • Saccharin