Histone modifications mediated by histone acetylation are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. Recent studies have revealed that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), such as sodium valproate (VPA) and MS-275, may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression and in the underpinnings of antidepressant therapeutic action in several brain regions, including the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO). In the present study, we investigated whether the class I histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 exerts antidepressant-like effects when infused bilaterally into the VLO of a rat, using the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) as behavioral measures. We found that chronic intra-VLO infusion of MS-275 significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and TST compared with vehicle-treated controls, similar to the effects of systemically administered fluoxetine. These antidepressant-like effects of MS-275 are associated with an increase in H3 acetylation and elevated CREB and BDNF levels in the VLO. Our findings suggest the possibility that alterations in gene expression due to chromatin remodeling, including upregulation of CREB and BDNF, may be involved in the antidepressant-like effect of HDACis in the VLO.
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