There is substantial interest in the development of drugs that limit the extent of ischemia-induced
cardiac damage caused by myocardial infarction or by certain surgical procedures. Here…

Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional
sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive …

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) belong to a superfamily of enzymes that play a key role
in the metabolism of aldehydes of both endogenous and exogenous derivation. The human …

Lack of sensitive single-cell analysis tools has limited the characterization of metabolic
activity in cancer stem cells. By hyperspectral-stimulated Raman scattering imaging of single …

Background: The single genetic factor most strongly correlated with reduced alcohol consumption
and incidence of alcoholism is a naturally occurring variant of mitochondrial aldehyde …

In approximately one billion people, a point mutation inactivates a key detoxifying enzyme,
aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). This mitochondrial enzyme metabolizes toxic biogenic …

Methylphenidate is an important stimulant prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder. It has two chiral centers, but most current commercial formulations consist of the …

The functional specificity of type 1 protein phosphatases (PP1) depends on the associated
regulatory/targeting and inhibitory subunits. To gain insights into the mechanism of PP1 …

Cancer cells form three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates (or spheroids) under non-adherent
culture conditions. In ovarian cancer (OC), spheroids serve as a vehicle for cancer …

Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil that is indicated for the treatment of breast
and colorectal cancers. A three-step in vivo-targeted activation process requiring …