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IUPHAR Compendium of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels 2005

International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and Structure-Function Relationships of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (W.A.C.); Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California (A.L.G.); and Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut (S.G.W.)

Abstract

Introduction

Sodium Channel Subunits

Sodium Channel Classification and Nomenclature

Sodium Channel Genes

Sodium Channel Molecular Pharmacology

The family of voltage-gated sodium channels initiates action potentials in all types of excitable cells. Nine members of the voltage-gated sodium channel family have been characterized in mammals, and a 10th member has been recognized as a related protein. These distinct sodium channels have similar structural and functional properties, but they initiate action potentials in different cell types and have distinct regulatory and pharmacological properties. This article presents the molecular relationships and physiological roles of these sodium channel proteins and provides comprehensive information on their molecular, genetic, physiological, and pharmacological properties.